Harrow



(No Model.)

' 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. E. E. WHIPPLE.

HARROW.

No. 452,724. Y

Pateted May 1-9, 1891.

m7564464/ l 5mn@ 6. @WQ/ www (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

E. E. WHIPPLB.

HARROW.

Patented May 19,1891.`

gwen/; EEN/99036.

UNITED STATEsi PATENT GEEICE.

EFFINGER- E. 7VVIIIPPLE, OF ST. JOHNS, MICHIGAN.

,HARROW.

SPIECIFICA'IION forming part of Letters Patent No. 452,724, dated May 19, 1891.

Application filed July 19, 1890. Serial No. 359,311. (No model.)

To all whom, t may concern;

Be it known thatl, EEFINGER E. WHIPPLE, of St. Johns, in the county of Clinton and State of Michigan, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows; and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the invention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements in harrows.

The object of the'invention is to improve the harroW-tooth shown and claimedin Patent No. 324,057, granted to me August l1, 1885, so that an exceedingly simple and effective reversible tooth is produced capable of a greatly varied adjustment and of use for shallow-surface cultivation or for deep digging, cultivation, and working' and quick and easy in adjustment. l

A further object of the invention is to provide improved simple and durable means for adjustably securing the harroW-tooth to the tooth-beam, so that the angle of the tooth can be quickly and easily varied or the tooth can be reversed with ease and without completely removing the tooth.

These objects are accomplished by and the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and in combinations of parts more fully described hereinafter, and particularly pointedout in the claims.

Referring to the accompanying drawings, Figure lis an elevation of a harrow-bearn, showing a pair of thc vimproved teeth set for deep cultivation', with their points extending forwardly. Fig. 2 is a rear elevation of the construction of Fig. l. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the harrow-beam, illustrating the teeth shown in-Fig. l reversed upon the beam for surface cultivation. Fig. 4 is a rear elevation of the structure shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5 is a perspective of construction of Fig. 3. Fig. 6 is a section through the operating portion of the tooth. Fig. 7 is a bottom plan of theV tooth-fastening. Fig. 8 is a cross-section through the beam and fastening. 9 is a section through the fastening, takenin a plane at right angles to the section of Fig. 8. Fig. l0 is a plan of the metal plate of the fastening. Fig. ll is a detail perspective, with a portion broken out of a modified form of tooth.

Thisspecilicationrelates toimprovementson certain former patents which show oppositely curved and twisted teeth having lateral cutting-edges, whereby certain great advantages are attained. The barrow-beam is steadied, as one tooth counteracts the lateral tendency of the oppositely-curved tooth, hence in connection with the lateral edges cultivating a maximum surface with a minimum number of teeth and preventing `the exceedingly objectionable dodging and trailing7 and heavy draft. Also, the patent before mentioned shows a reversible tooth having the lateral curve and twist and sharpened front edge and end, so as to be capable of deep cultivation when` the teeth are directed forwardly and laterally, and also having a sharpened rear edge, so that the teeth can be reversed and extend rearwardly and laterally in position to shear or out by a shearing action of each knife-blade near the surface of the ground, the purpose being to provide an efficient tool for surface cultivation by means of teeth capable of being reversed for deeper cultivation in hard ground, the tooth shown in said patent having its cutting-edges formed by bevels from the rear of the blade to the front edges thereof.

In the drawings, the reference-letter a indicates a tooth-beam of a harrow, to which the teeth l) are adj ustably clamped by a fastening device such as hereinafter described, these tooth-beams being suitably connected to the barrow-frame. The teeth are curved, as shown, and in practice preferably formed from a steel bar of suitable dimensions. The working-face of each tooth is curved laterally and twisted so that its front edge is raised. The shank or upper end of the tooth is made flat and straight, as shown,so as to be rigidly Y Then two teeth are applied to a single IOO beam and adjusted for dcep digging, as shown in Figs. l and 2, one of the teeth is curved and twisted laterallv in one direction and the other correspondingly in the opposite direction, so as to present substantially the relation to each other shown in Figs. l and 2, with the points and inner sharpened edges of the teeth projecting or inclined forward in a manner fully described in Patent No. 248,873, granted to me October 18, 188i. Each tooth is sharpened or beveled at its lower end 2 from the rear, so that the cutting-edge is-on the front side thereof. The front edge 3 of the tooth is also sharpened or beveled from the rear side forwardly by the bevel, as shown, so that the cutting-edge is at the front side of the tooth, the front edge and lower end just described being beveled or sharpened, as shown in my before-mentioned Patent No. 324,057. The lower end point and front cutting-edge of the tooth do the cutting when the teeth are set as shown in Fig. l. rlhe rear edge et of the tooth is beveled from the front side toward the rear edge to form the cutting-edge on the rear side. This is a feature in which this tooth differs from the tooth of said patent, for the patented tooth is sharpened or beveled from the rear the same as the front edge, while in the present construction the rear edge is beveled or sharpened on the front side, thereby making the tooth more sure and effective in operation, as set forth hereinafter. This rear euttingedge is also dropped or bent or directed rearwardly, as clearly shown.

Then the teeth are arranged tor surface cultivation or to operate in the manner of a harrow to pulverize the surface ot' the ground, the position of the teeth is reversed, so that their lower portions extend rearwardly and laterally, as clearly shown in Figs. 3, at, and 5. Then located in this position, the oppo sitely-curved cutting-teeth cross each other when viewed from the front or rear, as shown in Fig. 4, and the front edges and ends 2 of the teeth when in this position are turned to the rear, while the rear dropped edges 4- cut a slight distance beneath and scrape the surface of the earth or cut and shear at the surface. The blades when reversed need not necessarily cross, but can both extend in the same direction. By means of this construction when the tooth is reversed it is sure to shear the surface of the ground and remove weeds, dre., by skimming the surface of the ground; but where the bevel is from the rear to the front the edge is apt to slip along the surface without cutting.

By arranging the teeth one behind the other at opposite angles and in position to cross each other, as shown, the teeth are obviously caused to operate in a path of considerable width, and each tooth operates to counteract any tendency to a bodily lateral movement in the other tooth, which may be caused by the rearward and lateral inclination of its working edge. The peculiar rear edge possesses great advantages and is broadly claimed herein. Of course it is evident that the drop of the rear edge can be varied to suit requirements and need not be so great as here shown.

In Fig. il a tooth is shown having the peculiar edges and shape before described, but having the operating portion formed of soft metal 5, having its exterior chilled and hardened, (see 6,) and this metal blade is provided with an upper portion of spring steel, as shown. This blade is particularly adapted for use in the western portion of the count-ry and will scour in any soil.

By constructing the teeth of the bent and twisted form shown and providing means for attaching them to the beam either with their points directed rearwardly or forwardly the advantages are attained that the teeth can be readily shifted to form either a cultivator for deep digging in hard ground or a harrow for the surface treatment of ground which is soft or trashy, and to render this adjustment quick and easy without removing the tooth the construction of Figs. 7, 8, 9, and l() is de signed. This fastening consists of a metal platef, flat on one side to rest against the tooth-beam and on its under side provided with the concave seat g to snugly receive the curved shank of the tooth and prevent lateral movement thereof. At its center this plate is provided with the transverse elongated siot hof greater length than the width of the harrow-tooth shank. In this slot the closed encircling eye or loop t' of eycboltyl loosely yet snugly tits with the end projections to extend beyond the ends of the slot below the plate to hold up the same. The opening of this loop is of a size to allow the shank of the tooth to extend therethrough loosely and yet sufficiently snug to prevent movement therein. The bolt extends centrally through the tooth-beam and on the top is provided with a nut k. To secure a tooth l) its shank is pushed into the concave seat of the metal plate and through the eye of the bolt (the bolt having been loosened) until the desired position and angle of 'the tooth is attained, and then the nut of the bolt is screwed up tightly, thereby drawing up the eye of the bolt and tightly and rigidly clamping the tooth in the seat. By this fastening the tooth can be easily and quickly reversed without removing it, but by simply loosening the nut and swinging the tooth and plate around on the bolt as a pivot and then tightening the nut. The boltj and eye t' can be integral or separate and united, as shown by dotted lines in Fig. 9. The cheapness, durability, and simplicity of this construction are obvious.

It is evident that various changes might be made in the form and arrangements of the parts described without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. Hence I do not wish to limit myself to the precise con IOO IIO

struction herein set forth, but consider myself entitled to all such changes.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is-

1. The herein-described reversible harrowtooth having the dropped rear cutting-edge.

2. A reversible harrow -tooth having its Working portion curved and twisted for the purpose set forth and having the cutting end or point, the cutting front edge, and the rear cuttingedge beveled, or sharpened on the front face of the tooth to form the cuttingedge at the rear side of the tooth, substantially as described.

3. A reversible harrow -tooth having its working portion twisted or turned, its cutting end and front edge beveled from the rear, and its rear cutting-edge beveled or sharpened from the front, as and for the pur-pose set forth.

4. Thecurvedharrow-toothhavingitsworking portion twisted laterally and turned and its rear cutting or shearing edge dropped, substantially as described.

5. A harrow-tooth having a shearing edge for surface cultivation formed by a dropped cutting-edge, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with a tooth-beam, of two curved and twisted teeth secured to the beam, one behind the other, with their points rearwardly directed and having their end portions arranged obliquely at opposite angles to the beam,with their workin g-faces rearwardly,

laterally, and downwardly inclined and their shearing edges dropped, as set forth.

7. 'lheherein-described tooth-fastening,co11 sisting of an integral metal plate formed on one side to bear against and turn on the toothbeam and on its other side having the concave tooth-seat and provided with an elongated transverseslot extending transversely across and beyond said seat, and the securing and pivot bolt having its eye to snugly embrace the tooth located in and extending through said slot, as set forth.

8. The combination of a tooth-beam, a reversible barrow-tooth, and an adjustable fastening consisting ota iat metal plate formed on one side to turn on the tooth-beam and on its other side formed with a concave seat to receive the tooth and with an elongated slot extending across said seat, and the pivot and .clamping bolt extending through the beam, having clamping means on its upper end and an eye or loop on its lower end in said slot and embracing the tooth and arranged to clamp the tooth against said plate and so that the tooth can be turned completely around or to any angle by merely loosening the clamping means and without removing the parts.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my own I affix my signature in presence of twov witnesses.

EFFINGER E. VIjIIPPLE.

W'itnesses:

M. D. HUBBARD, G. M. PETRIE. 

